diff --git a/cockatrice/src/filters/deck_filter_string.cpp b/cockatrice/src/filters/deck_filter_string.cpp
index b53093500..a2b7519a8 100644
--- a/cockatrice/src/filters/deck_filter_string.cpp
+++ b/cockatrice/src/filters/deck_filter_string.cpp
@@ -47,12 +47,7 @@ static std::once_flag init;
 // per-instance state. The card language that the nested [[card name]] search matches
 // against is passed through this thread-local context, which is live only while a
 // DeckFilterString is being parsed, and copied into the nested FilterString closures.
-struct DeckSearchLanguageContext
-{
-    QString searchLanguage;
-    SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = SearchLanguageMode::English;
-};
-thread_local DeckSearchLanguageContext deckSearchLanguageContext;
+thread_local CardSearchLanguage deckSearchLanguageContext;
 
 static void setupParserRules()
 {
@@ -127,9 +122,7 @@ static void setupParserRules()
 
     // actual functionality
     search["DeckContentQuery"] = [](const peg::SemanticValues &sv) -> DeckFilter {
-        const QString searchLanguage = deckSearchLanguageContext.searchLanguage;
-        const SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = deckSearchLanguageContext.searchLanguageMode;
-        auto cardFilter = FilterString(std::any_cast<QString>(sv[0]), searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode);
+        auto cardFilter = FilterString(std::any_cast<QString>(sv[0]), deckSearchLanguageContext);
         auto numberMatcher = sv.size() > 1 ? std::any_cast<NumberMatcher>(sv[1]) : [](int count) { return count > 0; };
 
         return [=](const DeckSearchData &data) -> bool {
@@ -199,9 +192,7 @@ DeckFilterString::DeckFilterString()
     _error = "Not initialized";
 }
 
-DeckFilterString::DeckFilterString(const QString &expr,
-                                   const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                   SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode)
+DeckFilterString::DeckFilterString(const QString &expr, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage)
 {
     QByteArray ba = expr.simplified().toUtf8();
 
@@ -214,7 +205,7 @@ DeckFilterString::DeckFilterString(const QString &expr,
         return;
     }
 
-    deckSearchLanguageContext = DeckSearchLanguageContext{searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode};
+    deckSearchLanguageContext = searchLanguage;
 
     search.set_logger([&](size_t /*ln*/, size_t col, const std::string &msg) {
         _error = QString("Error at position %1: %2").arg(col).arg(QString::fromStdString(msg));
diff --git a/cockatrice/src/filters/deck_filter_string.h b/cockatrice/src/filters/deck_filter_string.h
index 1189c0db5..5b1419004 100644
--- a/cockatrice/src/filters/deck_filter_string.h
+++ b/cockatrice/src/filters/deck_filter_string.h
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ class DeckFilterString
 {
 public:
     DeckFilterString();
-    explicit DeckFilterString(const QString &expr,
-                              const QString &searchLanguage = QString(),
-                              SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = SearchLanguageMode::English);
+    explicit DeckFilterString(const QString &expr, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage = {});
     bool check(const DeckSearchData &data) const
     {
         return filter(data);
diff --git a/cockatrice/src/game_graphics/dialogs/dlg_create_token.cpp b/cockatrice/src/game_graphics/dialogs/dlg_create_token.cpp
index f02de7f53..0c02a4462 100644
--- a/cockatrice/src/game_graphics/dialogs/dlg_create_token.cpp
+++ b/cockatrice/src/game_graphics/dialogs/dlg_create_token.cpp
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ DlgCreateToken::DlgCreateToken(const QStringList &_predefinedTokens, QWidget *pa
 
     CardsDisplaySettings *cardsDisplay = &SettingsCache::instance().cardsDisplay();
     const auto applyCardSearchLanguage = [this, cardsDisplay]() {
-        cardDatabaseDisplayModel->setSearchLanguage(
-            cardsDisplay->getCardLang(), static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay->getCardSearchLanguage()));
+        cardDatabaseDisplayModel->setSearchLanguage(CardSearchLanguage{
+            cardsDisplay->getCardLang(), static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay->getCardSearchLanguage())});
     };
     applyCardSearchLanguage();
     connect(cardsDisplay, &CardsDisplaySettings::cardLangChanged, this, applyCardSearchLanguage);
diff --git a/cockatrice/src/game_graphics/zones/view_zone.cpp b/cockatrice/src/game_graphics/zones/view_zone.cpp
index a82444821..5bd5d262f 100644
--- a/cockatrice/src/game_graphics/zones/view_zone.cpp
+++ b/cockatrice/src/game_graphics/zones/view_zone.cpp
@@ -257,8 +257,9 @@ ZoneViewZone::GridSize ZoneViewZone::positionCardsForDisplay(CardList &cards, Ca
 void ZoneViewZone::setFilterString(const QString &_filterString)
 {
     const CardsDisplaySettings &cardsDisplay = SettingsCache::instance().cardsDisplay();
-    filterString = FilterString(_filterString, cardsDisplay.getCardLang(),
-                                static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay.getCardSearchLanguage()));
+    filterString = FilterString(
+        _filterString, CardSearchLanguage{cardsDisplay.getCardLang(),
+                                          static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay.getCardSearchLanguage())});
     reorganizeCards();
 }
 
diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/deck_editor/deck_editor_database_display_widget.cpp b/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/deck_editor/deck_editor_database_display_widget.cpp
index 116cf3498..81ae03451 100644
--- a/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/deck_editor/deck_editor_database_display_widget.cpp
+++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/deck_editor/deck_editor_database_display_widget.cpp
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ DeckEditorDatabaseDisplayWidget::DeckEditorDatabaseDisplayWidget(QWidget *parent
 
     CardsDisplaySettings *cardsDisplay = &SettingsCache::instance().cardsDisplay();
     const auto applyCardSearchLanguage = [this, cardsDisplay]() {
-        databaseDisplayModel->setSearchLanguage(cardsDisplay->getCardLang(),
-                                                static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay->getCardSearchLanguage()));
+        databaseDisplayModel->setSearchLanguage(CardSearchLanguage{
+            cardsDisplay->getCardLang(), static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay->getCardSearchLanguage())});
     };
     applyCardSearchLanguage();
     connect(cardsDisplay, &CardsDisplaySettings::cardLangChanged, this, applyCardSearchLanguage);
diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/utility/completer_utils.cpp b/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/utility/completer_utils.cpp
index 3c8cf69d4..23ddb30b0 100644
--- a/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/utility/completer_utils.cpp
+++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/utility/completer_utils.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ namespace
 {
 void applyCardSearchLanguage(CardSearchModel *searchModel)
 {
-    const auto &cardsDisplay = SettingsCache::instance().cardsDisplay();
-    searchModel->setSearchLanguage(cardsDisplay.getCardLang(),
-                                   static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay.getCardSearchLanguage()));
+    const CardsDisplaySettings &cardsDisplay = SettingsCache::instance().cardsDisplay();
+    searchModel->setSearchLanguage(CardSearchLanguage{
+        cardsDisplay.getCardLang(), static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay.getCardSearchLanguage())});
 }
 } // namespace
 
diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/visual_database_display/visual_database_display_widget.cpp b/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/visual_database_display/visual_database_display_widget.cpp
index eae7d4b81..656639a3e 100644
--- a/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/visual_database_display/visual_database_display_widget.cpp
+++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/visual_database_display/visual_database_display_widget.cpp
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ VisualDatabaseDisplayWidget::VisualDatabaseDisplayWidget(QWidget *parent,
 
     CardsDisplaySettings *cardsDisplay = &SettingsCache::instance().cardsDisplay();
     const auto applyCardSearchLanguage = [this, cardsDisplay]() {
-        databaseDisplayModel->setSearchLanguage(cardsDisplay->getCardLang(),
-                                                static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay->getCardSearchLanguage()));
+        databaseDisplayModel->setSearchLanguage(CardSearchLanguage{
+            cardsDisplay->getCardLang(), static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay->getCardSearchLanguage())});
     };
     applyCardSearchLanguage();
     connect(cardsDisplay, &CardsDisplaySettings::cardLangChanged, this, applyCardSearchLanguage);
diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/visual_deck_storage/visual_deck_storage_sort_filter_proxy_model.cpp b/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/visual_deck_storage/visual_deck_storage_sort_filter_proxy_model.cpp
index 67451d0a2..61e2f18ad 100644
--- a/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/visual_deck_storage/visual_deck_storage_sort_filter_proxy_model.cpp
+++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/visual_deck_storage/visual_deck_storage_sort_filter_proxy_model.cpp
@@ -191,8 +191,9 @@ void VisualDeckStorageSortFilterProxyModel::updateSearchMatches()
     }
 
     const auto &cardsDisplay = SettingsCache::instance().cardsDisplay();
-    DeckFilterString filterString(searchText, cardsDisplay.getCardLang(),
-                                  static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay.getCardSearchLanguage()));
+    DeckFilterString filterString(
+        searchText, CardSearchLanguage{cardsDisplay.getCardLang(),
+                                       static_cast<SearchLanguageMode>(cardsDisplay.getCardSearchLanguage())});
     for (int row = 0; row < count; ++row) {
         const DeckPreviewData &data = source->dataForRow(row);
 
diff --git a/libcockatrice_card/libcockatrice/card/card_localization.h b/libcockatrice_card/libcockatrice/card/card_localization.h
index 785aaa527..1bde506cb 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_card/libcockatrice/card/card_localization.h
+++ b/libcockatrice_card/libcockatrice/card/card_localization.h
@@ -14,6 +14,32 @@ enum class SearchLanguageMode
     Both      ///< Search both the English and the selected card language names and texts.
 };
 
+/**
+ * @brief The card language and matching mode searches run against.
+ *
+ * Bundles the card language code configured in the settings with the
+ * SearchLanguageMode, so entry points take one value instead of two related
+ * parameters.
+ */
+struct CardSearchLanguage
+{
+    QString language; ///< Card language code (e.g. "de"); empty means the English fallback.
+    SearchLanguageMode mode = SearchLanguageMode::English; ///< How the language participates in the search.
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Whether only the English card data is searched.
+     *
+     * @return True when no card language is selected or English itself is selected.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool isEnglishOnly() const
+    {
+        return language.isEmpty() || language == QLatin1String("en");
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const CardSearchLanguage &) const = default;
+    bool operator!=(const CardSearchLanguage &) const = default;
+};
+
 /**
  * @namespace CardLocalization
  * @ingroup Cards
diff --git a/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_string.cpp b/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_string.cpp
index 47d1d0f61..1b63ca122 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_string.cpp
+++ b/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_string.cpp
@@ -80,34 +80,27 @@ static std::once_flag init;
 // and OracleQuery rule actions through this thread-local context, which is live only
 // while a FilterString is being parsed. The rule actions copy it into the filter
 // closures they produce, so card evaluation never reads process-global state.
-struct SearchLanguageContext
-{
-    QString searchLanguage;
-    SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = SearchLanguageMode::English;
-};
-thread_local SearchLanguageContext searchLanguageContext;
+thread_local CardSearchLanguage searchLanguageContext;
 
 namespace
 {
 bool matchesInSearchLanguage(const QString &english,
                              const QString &localized,
-                             const QString &searchLanguage,
-                             SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode,
+                             const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage,
                              const StringMatcher &matcher)
 {
-    if (searchLanguageMode == SearchLanguageMode::English) {
+    if (searchLanguage.mode == SearchLanguageMode::English) {
         return matcher(english);
     }
 
-    if (searchLanguageMode == SearchLanguageMode::Both && matcher(english)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    if (searchLanguage.isEmpty() || searchLanguage == "en") {
+    if (searchLanguage.mode == SearchLanguageMode::Both) {
+        if (!searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly() && matcher(localized)) {
+            return true;
+        }
         return matcher(english);
     }
 
-    return matcher(localized);
+    return searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly() ? matcher(english) : matcher(localized);
 }
 } // namespace
 
@@ -370,11 +363,10 @@ static void setupParserRules()
 
     search["OracleQuery"] = [](const peg::SemanticValues &sv) -> Filter {
         const auto matcher = std::any_cast<StringMatcher>(sv[0]);
-        const QString searchLanguage = searchLanguageContext.searchLanguage;
-        const SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = searchLanguageContext.searchLanguageMode;
+        const CardSearchLanguage searchLanguage = searchLanguageContext;
         return [=](const CardData &x) {
-            return matchesInSearchLanguage(x->getText(), x->getLocalizedText(searchLanguage), searchLanguage,
-                                           searchLanguageMode, matcher);
+            return matchesInSearchLanguage(x->getText(), x->getLocalizedText(searchLanguage.language), searchLanguage,
+                                           matcher);
         };
     };
 
@@ -452,11 +444,10 @@ static void setupParserRules()
     };
     search["GenericQuery"] = [](const peg::SemanticValues &sv) -> Filter {
         const auto matcher = std::any_cast<StringMatcher>(sv[0]);
-        const QString searchLanguage = searchLanguageContext.searchLanguage;
-        const SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = searchLanguageContext.searchLanguageMode;
+        const CardSearchLanguage searchLanguage = searchLanguageContext;
         return [=](const CardData &x) {
-            return matchesInSearchLanguage(x->getName(), x->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage), searchLanguage,
-                                           searchLanguageMode, matcher);
+            return matchesInSearchLanguage(x->getName(), x->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage.language), searchLanguage,
+                                           matcher);
         };
     };
 
@@ -472,7 +463,7 @@ FilterString::FilterString()
     _error = "Not initialized";
 }
 
-FilterString::FilterString(const QString &expr, const QString &searchLanguage, SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode)
+FilterString::FilterString(const QString &expr, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage)
 {
     QByteArray ba = expr.simplified().toUtf8();
 
@@ -485,7 +476,7 @@ FilterString::FilterString(const QString &expr, const QString &searchLanguage, S
         return;
     }
 
-    searchLanguageContext = SearchLanguageContext{searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode};
+    searchLanguageContext = searchLanguage;
 
     search.set_logger([&](size_t /*ln*/, size_t col, const std::string &msg) {
         _error = QString("Error at position %1: %2").arg(col).arg(QString::fromStdString(msg));
diff --git a/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_string.h b/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_string.h
index 5709e9108..015df0cf4 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_string.h
+++ b/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_string.h
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ class FilterString
 {
 public:
     FilterString();
-    explicit FilterString(const QString &exp,
-                          const QString &searchLanguage = QString(),
-                          SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = SearchLanguageMode::English);
+    explicit FilterString(const QString &exp, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage = {});
     [[nodiscard]] bool check(const CardData &card) const
     {
         if (card.isNull()) {
diff --git a/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_tree.cpp b/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_tree.cpp
index 3f54b556e..a5d91d9d3 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_tree.cpp
+++ b/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_tree.cpp
@@ -102,15 +102,14 @@ FilterTreeNode *FilterItemList::termNode(const QString &term)
 
 bool FilterItemList::testTypeAnd(const CardInfoPtr info,
                                  CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                 const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                 SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+                                 const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
     for (auto i = childNodes.constBegin(); i != childNodes.constEnd(); i++) {
         if (!(*i)->isEnabled()) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (!(*i)->acceptCardAttr(info, attr, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode)) {
+        if (!(*i)->acceptCardAttr(info, attr, searchLanguage)) {
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -120,17 +119,15 @@ bool FilterItemList::testTypeAnd(const CardInfoPtr info,
 
 bool FilterItemList::testTypeAndNot(const CardInfoPtr info,
                                     CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                    const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                    SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+                                    const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
     // if any one in the list is true, return false
-    return !testTypeOr(info, attr, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode);
+    return !testTypeOr(info, attr, searchLanguage);
 }
 
 bool FilterItemList::testTypeOr(const CardInfoPtr info,
                                 CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+                                const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
     bool noChildEnabledChild = true;
 
@@ -143,7 +140,7 @@ bool FilterItemList::testTypeOr(const CardInfoPtr info,
             noChildEnabledChild = false;
         }
 
-        if ((*i)->acceptCardAttr(info, attr, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode)) {
+        if ((*i)->acceptCardAttr(info, attr, searchLanguage)) {
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -153,49 +150,56 @@ bool FilterItemList::testTypeOr(const CardInfoPtr info,
 
 bool FilterItemList::testTypeOrNot(const CardInfoPtr info,
                                    CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                   const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                   SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+                                   const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
     // if any one in the list is false, return true
-    return !testTypeAnd(info, attr, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode);
+    return !testTypeAnd(info, attr, searchLanguage);
 }
 
-bool FilterItem::acceptName(const CardInfoPtr info,
-                            const QString &searchLanguage,
-                            SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+bool FilterItem::acceptName(const CardInfoPtr info, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
-    if (searchLanguageMode == SearchLanguageMode::English) {
-        return info->getName().contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+    const QString &englishName = info->getName();
+    const QString &localizedName = info->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage.language);
+
+    switch (searchLanguage.mode) {
+        case SearchLanguageMode::English:
+            return englishName.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+        case SearchLanguageMode::Both:
+            if (englishName.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return !searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly() && localizedName.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+        case SearchLanguageMode::Selected:
+            if (searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly()) {
+                return englishName.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+            }
+            return localizedName.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
     }
 
-    if (searchLanguageMode == SearchLanguageMode::Both && info->getName().contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    if (searchLanguage.isEmpty() || searchLanguage == "en") {
-        return info->getName().contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
-    }
-
-    return info->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage).contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+    return false;
 }
 
-bool FilterItem::acceptNameExact(const CardInfoPtr info,
-                                 const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                 SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+bool FilterItem::acceptNameExact(const CardInfoPtr info, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
-    if (searchLanguageMode == SearchLanguageMode::English) {
-        return info->getName() == term;
+    const QString &englishName = info->getName();
+    const QString &localizedName = info->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage.language);
+
+    switch (searchLanguage.mode) {
+        case SearchLanguageMode::English:
+            return englishName == term;
+        case SearchLanguageMode::Both:
+            if (englishName == term) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return !searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly() && localizedName == term;
+        case SearchLanguageMode::Selected:
+            if (searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly()) {
+                return englishName == term;
+            }
+            return localizedName == term;
     }
 
-    if (searchLanguageMode == SearchLanguageMode::Both && info->getName() == term) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    if (searchLanguage.isEmpty() || searchLanguage == "en") {
-        return info->getName() == term;
-    }
-
-    return info->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage) == term;
+    return false;
 }
 
 bool FilterItem::acceptType(const CardInfoPtr info) const
@@ -253,23 +257,27 @@ bool FilterItem::acceptColor(const CardInfoPtr info) const
     return match_count == converted_term.length();
 }
 
-bool FilterItem::acceptText(const CardInfoPtr info,
-                            const QString &searchLanguage,
-                            SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+bool FilterItem::acceptText(const CardInfoPtr info, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
-    if (searchLanguageMode == SearchLanguageMode::English) {
-        return info->getText().contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+    const QString &englishText = info->getText();
+    const QString &localizedText = info->getLocalizedText(searchLanguage.language);
+
+    switch (searchLanguage.mode) {
+        case SearchLanguageMode::English:
+            return englishText.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+        case SearchLanguageMode::Both:
+            if (englishText.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return !searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly() && localizedText.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+        case SearchLanguageMode::Selected:
+            if (searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly()) {
+                return englishText.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+            }
+            return localizedText.contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
     }
 
-    if (searchLanguageMode == SearchLanguageMode::Both && info->getText().contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    if (searchLanguage.isEmpty() || searchLanguage == "en") {
-        return info->getText().contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
-    }
-
-    return info->getLocalizedText(searchLanguage).contains(term, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+    return false;
 }
 
 bool FilterItem::acceptSet(const CardInfoPtr info) const
@@ -458,20 +466,19 @@ bool FilterItem::relationCheck(int cardInfo) const
 
 bool FilterItem::acceptCardAttr(const CardInfoPtr info,
                                 CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+                                const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
     switch (attr) {
         case CardFilter::AttrName:
-            return acceptName(info, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode);
+            return acceptName(info, searchLanguage);
         case CardFilter::AttrNameExact:
-            return acceptNameExact(info, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode);
+            return acceptNameExact(info, searchLanguage);
         case CardFilter::AttrType:
             return acceptType(info);
         case CardFilter::AttrColor:
             return acceptColor(info);
         case CardFilter::AttrText:
-            return acceptText(info, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode);
+            return acceptText(info, searchLanguage);
         case CardFilter::AttrSet:
             return acceptSet(info);
         case CardFilter::AttrManaCost:
@@ -541,21 +548,18 @@ FilterTreeNode *FilterTree::termNode(const CardFilter *f)
     return termNode(f->attr(), f->type(), f->term());
 }
 
-bool FilterTree::testAttr(const CardInfoPtr info,
-                          const LogicMap *lm,
-                          const QString &searchLanguage,
-                          SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+bool FilterTree::testAttr(const CardInfoPtr info, const LogicMap *lm, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
     const FilterItemList *fil;
     bool status = true;
 
     fil = lm->findTypeList(CardFilter::TypeAnd);
-    if (fil && fil->isEnabled() && !fil->testTypeAnd(info, lm->attr, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode)) {
+    if (fil && fil->isEnabled() && !fil->testTypeAnd(info, lm->attr, searchLanguage)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     fil = lm->findTypeList(CardFilter::TypeAndNot);
-    if (fil && fil->isEnabled() && !fil->testTypeAndNot(info, lm->attr, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode)) {
+    if (fil && fil->isEnabled() && !fil->testTypeAndNot(info, lm->attr, searchLanguage)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -564,25 +568,23 @@ bool FilterTree::testAttr(const CardInfoPtr info,
         status = false;
 
         // if this is true we can return because it is OR'd with the OrNot list
-        if (fil->testTypeOr(info, lm->attr, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode)) {
+        if (fil->testTypeOr(info, lm->attr, searchLanguage)) {
             return true;
         }
     }
 
     fil = lm->findTypeList(CardFilter::TypeOrNot);
-    if (fil && fil->isEnabled() && fil->testTypeOrNot(info, lm->attr, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode)) {
+    if (fil && fil->isEnabled() && fil->testTypeOrNot(info, lm->attr, searchLanguage)) {
         return true;
     }
 
     return status;
 }
 
-bool FilterTree::acceptsCard(const CardInfoPtr info,
-                             const QString &searchLanguage,
-                             SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const
+bool FilterTree::acceptsCard(const CardInfoPtr info, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const
 {
     for (auto i = childNodes.constBegin(); i != childNodes.constEnd(); i++) {
-        if ((*i)->isEnabled() && !testAttr(info, *i, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode)) {
+        if ((*i)->isEnabled() && !testAttr(info, *i, searchLanguage)) {
             return false;
         }
     }
diff --git a/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_tree.h b/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_tree.h
index 116c01dcc..dd47a1ebc 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_tree.h
+++ b/libcockatrice_filters/libcockatrice/filters/filter_tree.h
@@ -168,22 +168,14 @@ public:
         return CardFilter::typeName(type);
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] bool testTypeAnd(CardInfoPtr info,
-                                   CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                   const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                   SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] bool testTypeAndNot(CardInfoPtr info,
-                                      CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                      const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                      SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] bool testTypeOr(CardInfoPtr info,
-                                  CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                  const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                  SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] bool testTypeOrNot(CardInfoPtr info,
-                                     CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                     const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                     SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    testTypeAnd(CardInfoPtr info, CardFilter::Attr attr, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    testTypeAndNot(CardInfoPtr info, CardFilter::Attr attr, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    testTypeOr(CardInfoPtr info, CardFilter::Attr attr, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    testTypeOrNot(CardInfoPtr info, CardFilter::Attr attr, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
 };
 
 class FilterItem : public FilterTreeNode
@@ -220,26 +212,21 @@ public:
         return true;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] bool
-    acceptName(CardInfoPtr info, const QString &searchLanguage, SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] bool
-    acceptNameExact(CardInfoPtr info, const QString &searchLanguage, SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool acceptName(CardInfoPtr info, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool acceptNameExact(CardInfoPtr info, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptType(CardInfoPtr info) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptMainType(CardInfoPtr info) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptSubType(CardInfoPtr info) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptColor(CardInfoPtr info) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] bool
-    acceptText(CardInfoPtr info, const QString &searchLanguage, SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool acceptText(CardInfoPtr info, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptSet(CardInfoPtr info) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptManaCost(CardInfoPtr info) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptCmc(CardInfoPtr info) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptPowerToughness(CardInfoPtr info, CardFilter::Attr attr) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptLoyalty(CardInfoPtr info) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptRarity(CardInfoPtr info) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] bool acceptCardAttr(CardInfoPtr info,
-                                      CardFilter::Attr attr,
-                                      const QString &searchLanguage,
-                                      SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    acceptCardAttr(CardInfoPtr info, CardFilter::Attr attr, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool acceptFormat(CardInfoPtr info) const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool relationCheck(int cardInfo) const;
 };
@@ -259,10 +246,7 @@ private:
     LogicMap *attrLogicMap(CardFilter::Attr attr);
     FilterItemList *attrTypeList(CardFilter::Attr attr, CardFilter::Type type);
 
-    bool testAttr(CardInfoPtr info,
-                  const LogicMap *lm,
-                  const QString &searchLanguage,
-                  SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
+    bool testAttr(CardInfoPtr info, const LogicMap *lm, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
 
     void nodeChanged() const override
     {
@@ -301,8 +285,7 @@ public:
         return 0;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] bool
-    acceptsCard(CardInfoPtr info, const QString &searchLanguage, SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool acceptsCard(CardInfoPtr info, const CardSearchLanguage &searchLanguage) const;
     void removeFiltersByAttr(CardFilter::Attr filterType);
     void removeFilter(const CardFilter *toRemove);
     void clear();
diff --git a/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card/card_search_model.cpp b/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card/card_search_model.cpp
index 3c876c10d..5d4e0ec9b 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card/card_search_model.cpp
+++ b/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card/card_search_model.cpp
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ void CardSearchModel::updateSearchResults(const QString &query)
         // The completer suggestions match against the same languages the card
         // search uses, so typing a localized name finds the card.
         QString matchName = card->getName();
-        if (searchLanguageMode != SearchLanguageMode::English && !searchLanguage.isEmpty() && searchLanguage != "en") {
-            matchName = card->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage);
+        if (searchLanguage.mode != SearchLanguageMode::English && !searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly()) {
+            matchName = card->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage.language);
         }
         const QString lowerName = matchName.toLower();
         if (!lowerName.contains(lowerQuery)) {
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ void CardSearchModel::updateSearchResults(const QString &query)
     auto sortByDistanceThenLength = [this](const SearchResult &a, const SearchResult &b) {
         QString nameA = a.card->getName();
         QString nameB = b.card->getName();
-        if (searchLanguageMode != SearchLanguageMode::English && !searchLanguage.isEmpty() && searchLanguage != "en") {
-            nameA = a.card->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage);
-            nameB = b.card->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage);
+        if (searchLanguage.mode != SearchLanguageMode::English && !searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly()) {
+            nameA = a.card->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage.language);
+            nameB = b.card->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage.language);
         }
         if (a.distance != b.distance) {
             return a.distance < b.distance;
@@ -112,4 +112,4 @@ void CardSearchModel::updateSearchResults(const QString &query)
     }
 
     endResetModel();
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card/card_search_model.h b/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card/card_search_model.h
index 02f358eb1..5e810dffd 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card/card_search_model.h
+++ b/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card/card_search_model.h
@@ -27,13 +27,12 @@ public:
 
     void updateSearchResults(const QString &query); // Update results based on input
 
-    void setSearchLanguage(const QString &searchLang, SearchLanguageMode mode)
+    void setSearchLanguage(const CardSearchLanguage &searchLang)
     {
-        if (searchLanguage == searchLang && searchLanguageMode == mode) {
+        if (searchLanguage == searchLang) {
             return;
         }
         searchLanguage = searchLang;
-        searchLanguageMode = mode;
     }
 
 private:
@@ -45,8 +44,7 @@ private:
 
     CardDatabaseDisplayModel *sourceModel;
     QList<SearchResult> searchResults;
-    QString searchLanguage;
-    SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = SearchLanguageMode::English;
+    CardSearchLanguage searchLanguage;
 };
 
-#endif // CARD_SEARCH_MODEL_H
+#endif // CARD_SEARCH_MODEL_H
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card_database_display_model.cpp b/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card_database_display_model.cpp
index 514e1026c..7f89677c8 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card_database_display_model.cpp
+++ b/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card_database_display_model.cpp
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ bool CardDatabaseDisplayModel::filterAcceptsRow(int sourceRow, const QModelIndex
     }
 
     if (filterString != nullptr) {
-        if (filterTree != nullptr && !filterTree->acceptsCard(info, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode)) {
+        if (filterTree != nullptr && !filterTree->acceptsCard(info, searchLanguage)) {
             return false;
         }
         return filterString->check(info);
@@ -190,10 +190,14 @@ bool CardDatabaseDisplayModel::filterAcceptsRow(int sourceRow, const QModelIndex
 
 bool CardDatabaseDisplayModel::rowMatchesCardName(CardInfoPtr info) const
 {
-    if (!cardName.isEmpty() && !info->getName().contains(cardName, Qt::CaseInsensitive) &&
-        searchLanguageMode != SearchLanguageMode::English && !searchLanguage.isEmpty() && searchLanguage != "en" &&
-        !info->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage).contains(cardName, Qt::CaseInsensitive)) {
-        return false;
+    if (!cardName.isEmpty()) {
+        const bool matchesEnglish = info->getName().contains(cardName, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+        const bool matchesLocalized =
+            !searchLanguage.isEnglishOnly() &&
+            info->getLocalizedName(searchLanguage.language).contains(cardName, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
+        if (!matchesEnglish && !matchesLocalized) {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     if (!cardNameSet.isEmpty() && !cardNameSet.contains(info->getName())) {
@@ -201,7 +205,7 @@ bool CardDatabaseDisplayModel::rowMatchesCardName(CardInfoPtr info) const
     }
 
     if (filterTree != nullptr) {
-        return filterTree->acceptsCard(info, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode);
+        return filterTree->acceptsCard(info, searchLanguage);
     }
 
     return true;
@@ -241,18 +245,17 @@ void CardDatabaseDisplayModel::setStringFilter(const QString &_src)
 {
     searchText = _src;
     delete filterString;
-    filterString = new FilterString(_src, searchLanguage, searchLanguageMode);
+    filterString = new FilterString(_src, searchLanguage);
     dirty();
 }
 
-void CardDatabaseDisplayModel::setSearchLanguage(const QString &searchLang, SearchLanguageMode mode)
+void CardDatabaseDisplayModel::setSearchLanguage(const CardSearchLanguage &searchLang)
 {
-    if (searchLanguage == searchLang && searchLanguageMode == mode) {
+    if (searchLanguage == searchLang) {
         return;
     }
 
     searchLanguage = searchLang;
-    searchLanguageMode = mode;
 
     if (filterString != nullptr) {
         setStringFilter(searchText);
diff --git a/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card_database_display_model.h b/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card_database_display_model.h
index ff83bca49..e6aadd8c6 100644
--- a/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card_database_display_model.h
+++ b/libcockatrice_models/libcockatrice/models/database/card_database_display_model.h
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ private:
     FilterString *filterString;
     int loadedRowCount;
     QTimer dirtyTimer;
-    QString searchLanguage;
-    SearchLanguageMode searchLanguageMode = SearchLanguageMode::English;
+    CardSearchLanguage searchLanguage;
     QString searchText;
 
     /** The translation table that will be used for sanitizeCardName. */
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ public:
         cardNameSet = _cardNameSet;
         dirty();
     }
-    void setSearchLanguage(const QString &searchLang, SearchLanguageMode mode);
+    void setSearchLanguage(const CardSearchLanguage &searchLang);
 
     void dirty()
     {
diff --git a/tests/carddatabase/filter_string_test.cpp b/tests/carddatabase/filter_string_test.cpp
index 1f3a525df..2b92c65df 100644
--- a/tests/carddatabase/filter_string_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/carddatabase/filter_string_test.cpp
@@ -84,42 +84,42 @@ CardInfoPtr localizedCat()
 TEST_F(CardQuery, SearchLanguageEnglishMatchesOnlyEnglish)
 {
     const CardData localized = localizedCat();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Cat", "de", SearchLanguageMode::English).check(localized));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(FilterString("Kater", "de", SearchLanguageMode::English).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Cat", CardSearchLanguage{"de", SearchLanguageMode::English}).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(FilterString("Kater", CardSearchLanguage{"de", SearchLanguageMode::English}).check(localized));
 }
 
 TEST_F(CardQuery, SearchLanguageSelectedMatchesLocalizedNameAndText)
 {
     const CardData localized = localizedCat();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Kater", "de", SearchLanguageMode::Selected).check(localized));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("o:miaut", "de", SearchLanguageMode::Selected).check(localized));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(FilterString("Cat", "de", SearchLanguageMode::Selected).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Kater", CardSearchLanguage{"de", SearchLanguageMode::Selected}).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("o:miaut", CardSearchLanguage{"de", SearchLanguageMode::Selected}).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(FilterString("Cat", CardSearchLanguage{"de", SearchLanguageMode::Selected}).check(localized));
 }
 
 TEST_F(CardQuery, SearchLanguageSelectedFallsBackToEnglishForUntranslatedCards)
 {
     const CardData localized = localizedCat();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Cat", "fr", SearchLanguageMode::Selected).check(localized));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(FilterString("Kater", "fr", SearchLanguageMode::Selected).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Cat", CardSearchLanguage{"fr", SearchLanguageMode::Selected}).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(FilterString("Kater", CardSearchLanguage{"fr", SearchLanguageMode::Selected}).check(localized));
 }
 
 TEST_F(CardQuery, SearchLanguageBothMatchesEitherLanguage)
 {
     const CardData localized = localizedCat();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Cat", "de", SearchLanguageMode::Both).check(localized));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Kater", "de", SearchLanguageMode::Both).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Cat", CardSearchLanguage{"de", SearchLanguageMode::Both}).check(localized));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FilterString("Kater", CardSearchLanguage{"de", SearchLanguageMode::Both}).check(localized));
 }
 
 TEST_F(CardQuery, SearchLanguageIsBoundPerInstance)
 {
     const CardData localized = localizedCat();
 
-    FilterString germanQuery("Kater", "de", SearchLanguageMode::Selected);
+    FilterString germanQuery("Kater", CardSearchLanguage{"de", SearchLanguageMode::Selected});
     ASSERT_TRUE(germanQuery.check(localized));
 
     // Constructing an English-bound instance afterwards must not change the
     // language the earlier instance searches in.
-    FilterString englishQuery("Kater", "", SearchLanguageMode::English);
+    FilterString englishQuery("Kater", CardSearchLanguage{"", SearchLanguageMode::English});
     ASSERT_FALSE(englishQuery.check(localized));
     ASSERT_TRUE(germanQuery.check(localized));
 }