[CrashReporting] Mock crash-report dialog and reporting preference (#7521)

* [CrashReporting] Mock dialog, sentry skeleton and CI prerequisites

Mock: DlgCrashReport preview dialog (no account needed, redacted log
preview), CrashReportingMode Ask/Always/Never setting in DebugSettings,
--simulate-crash flag and Help-menu preview entry. Send writes a local
mock JSON only.

Vendor sentry-native 0.17.3 via FetchContent behind
WITH_CRASH_REPORTING (breakpad everywhere, backend none under
sanitizers) plus a CrashReporter facade with early init and post-loop
shutdown. DSN is a placeholder: empty CMake default with
COCKATRICE_SENTRY_DSN env override, so SDK init is skipped and mock
behavior is unchanged until a real DSN is configured.

CI prerequisites riding here so every layer below builds green:
libcurl dev plus CA bundles in the Linux images and CodeQL env, sentry
Qt integration off (its own find_package cannot see the macOS thin Qt
layout), and the StrFunc Using construction makensis requires.

Tests: ctest green, format clean, code plus UI gates PASS.

* [CrashReporting] Forward mode changes to SDK and fix Linux CI opt-in

Connects PersonalSettings::crashReportingModeChanged to
giveConsent()/revokeConsent() so switching from AlwaysSend to
NeverSend (or Ask) mid-session reaches the SDK instead of leaving
consent given until restart.

Forwards WITH_CRASH_REPORTING into the docker container the way
CCACHE_DIR is, so the Linux package leg actually builds with crash
reporting ON instead of silently building OFF.

* [CrashReporting] Give crash-report logging its own category per review

* [CrashReporting] Drop unused DebugSettings constructor visibility per review

* [CrashReporting] Document reporting modes on the enum per review

* [CrashReporting] Match the dump scan to the writer's temp fallback

Review nit: when the handler's SHGetKnownFolderPath lookup fails it writes to
<temp>/../.., but the startup scan looked in QDir::tempPath(), so a dump
produced through the fallback would never be found and its crash would never
offer to be reported. Walk up the same two levels in the scan.

The path is Windows-only (#ifdef Q_OS_WIN); the statements were compiled and
run standalone against Qt 6 to confirm the API use.

* [CrashReporting] Complete the dump-scan fallback path

The previous commit walked the scan's fallback up two levels but dropped the
CrashDumps/Cockatrice suffix that the writer appends unconditionally, so a dump
written through the fallback was still invisible to the scan.

Evaluate the writer's expression verbatim rather than mirroring it with QDir:
cdUp() is existence-checked and silently leaves the path alone when the
directory is missing, parent_path() is not, and QDir::absoluteFilePath() joins
the shared suffix without risking a doubled separator when the walk lands on a
root. Verified by compiling the block verbatim against Qt 6 with -Wextra
-Werror and comparing it with the writer's join for both the normal and the
fallback case.

Also record that %LOCALAPPDATA% is the scan's stand-in for
FOLDERID_LocalAppData and why the two normally agree.

---------

Co-authored-by: Lukas Brübach <Bruebach.Lukas@bdosecurity.de>

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -60,8 +60,10 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         sudo apt-get update
         sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+          ca-certificates \
           cmake \
           g++ \
+          libcurl4-openssl-dev \
           libgl-dev \
           liblzma-dev \
           libmariadb-dev-compat \

.github/workflows/desktop-build.yml

@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ jobs:
           SUFFIX: '-${{ matrix.distro }}${{ matrix.version }}'
           package: '${{ matrix.package }}'
           server_only: '${{ matrix.server_only }}'
+          WITH_CRASH_REPORTING: 'ON'
         run: |
           source .ci/docker.sh
           args=()
@@ -558,6 +559,8 @@ jobs:
           VCPKG_DISABLE_METRICS: 1
           VCPKG_FEATURE_FLAGS: dependencygraph
           VCPKG_TARGET_MACOS_VERSION: ${{ matrix.vcpkg_deployment_target }}
+          # Release legs compile the sentry-native SDK; Debug legs stay SDK-free.
+          WITH_CRASH_REPORTING: ${{ matrix.type == 'Release' && 'ON' || '' }}
         run: .ci/compile.sh --server --test --vcpkg
 
       # CPack reports a failed makensis run as "Problem running NSIS command"