[CrashReporting] Mock dialog, sentry skeleton and CI prerequisites

Mock: DlgCrashReport preview dialog (no account needed, redacted log
preview), CrashReportingMode Ask/Always/Never setting in DebugSettings,
--simulate-crash flag and Help-menu preview entry. Send writes a local
mock JSON only.

Vendor sentry-native 0.17.3 via FetchContent behind
WITH_CRASH_REPORTING (breakpad everywhere, backend none under
sanitizers) plus a CrashReporter facade with early init and post-loop
shutdown. DSN is a placeholder: empty CMake default with
COCKATRICE_SENTRY_DSN env override, so SDK init is skipped and mock
behavior is unchanged until a real DSN is configured.

CI prerequisites riding here so every layer below builds green:
libcurl dev plus CA bundles in the Linux images and CodeQL env, sentry
Qt integration off (its own find_package cannot see the macOS thin Qt
layout), and the StrFunc Using construction makensis requires.

Tests: ctest green, format clean, code plus UI gates PASS.

.ci/Debian12/Dockerfile

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ FROM debian:12
 RUN apt-get update && \
     DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         build-essential \
+        ca-certificates \
         ccache \
         cmake \
         file \
         g++ \
         git \
+        libcurl4-openssl-dev \
         libgl-dev \
         liblzma-dev \
         libmariadb-dev-compat \

.ci/Debian13/Dockerfile

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
         file \
         g++ \
         git \
+        libcurl4-openssl-dev \
         libgl-dev \
         liblzma-dev \
         libmariadb-dev-compat \

.ci/Fedora43/Dockerfile

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 FROM fedora:43
 
 RUN dnf install -y \
+        ca-certificates \
         ccache \
         cmake \
         gcc-c++ \
         git \
+        libcurl-devel \
         mariadb-devel \
         ninja-build \
         openssl-devel \

.ci/Fedora44/Dockerfile

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 FROM fedora:44
 
 RUN dnf install -y \
+        ca-certificates \
         ccache \
         cmake \
         gcc-c++ \
         git \
+        libcurl-devel \
         mariadb-devel \
         ninja-build \
         openssl-devel \

.ci/Ubuntu24.04/Dockerfile

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ FROM ubuntu:24.04
 RUN apt-get update && \
     DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         build-essential \
+        ca-certificates \
         ccache \
         cmake \
         file \
         g++ \
         git \
+        libcurl4-openssl-dev \
         libgl-dev \
         liblzma-dev \
         libmariadb-dev-compat \

.ci/Ubuntu26.04/Dockerfile

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
         g++ \
         gcovr \
         git \
+        libcurl4-openssl-dev \
         libgl-dev \
         liblzma-dev \
         libmariadb-dev-compat \

.ci/compile.sh

@@ -200,6 +200,12 @@ if [[ $USE_VCPKG ]]; then
   flags+=("-DUSE_VCPKG=1")
   flags+=("-DVCPKG_INSTALL_OPTIONS=--x-abi-tools-use-exact-versions")
 fi
+if [[ ${WITH_CRASH_REPORTING:-} == "ON" ]]; then
+  # Release CI opts into the sentry-native SDK (default is OFF so from-source, distro and
+  # offline package builds never fetch it). Debug builds stay SDK-free so crashes from
+  # developer builds never reach Sentry.
+  flags+=("-DWITH_CRASH_REPORTING=ON")
+fi
 
 # Add cmake --build flags
 buildflags=(--config "$BUILDTYPE")