[CrashReporting] Mock dialog, sentry skeleton and CI prerequisites

Mock: DlgCrashReport preview dialog (no account needed, redacted log
preview), CrashReportingMode Ask/Always/Never setting in DebugSettings,
--simulate-crash flag and Help-menu preview entry. Send writes a local
mock JSON only.

Vendor sentry-native 0.17.3 via FetchContent behind
WITH_CRASH_REPORTING (breakpad everywhere, backend none under
sanitizers) plus a CrashReporter facade with early init and post-loop
shutdown. DSN is a placeholder: empty CMake default with
COCKATRICE_SENTRY_DSN env override, so SDK init is skipped and mock
behavior is unchanged until a real DSN is configured.

CI prerequisites riding here so every layer below builds green:
libcurl dev plus CA bundles in the Linux images and CodeQL env, sentry
Qt integration off (its own find_package cannot see the macOS thin Qt
layout), and the StrFunc Using construction makensis requires.

Tests: ctest green, format clean, code plus UI gates PASS.

cockatrice/src/interface/widgets/settings_page/general_settings_page.h

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ private slots:
 private:
     QGroupBox *languageGroupBox;
     QGroupBox *versionGroupBox;
+    QGroupBox *crashReportingGroupBox;
     QGroupBox *cardDatabaseGroupBox;
     QGroupBox *startupGroupBox;
     QGroupBox *pathsGroupBox;
@@ -70,6 +71,9 @@ private:
     QCheckBox updateNotificationCheckBox;
     QCheckBox newVersionOracleCheckBox;
 
+    QLabel crashReportingLabel;
+    QComboBox crashReportingBox;
+
     QLabel startupCardUpdateCheckBehaviorLabel;
     QComboBox startupCardUpdateCheckBehaviorSelector;
     QLabel cardUpdateCheckIntervalLabel;