[Client] Improve card database update visibility (#7458)

* [Client] Improve card database update visibility

Addresses Cockatrice/Cockatrice#7431.

Cockatrice previously offered no in-client feedback while the card
database updater ran: the only progress UI lived in the first-run
wizard, stderr/stdout were not parsed in interactive runs, and starting
a second update with Oracle already open or with a hidden background run
active just showed a confusing 'already running' guard - even though
Oracle is launched as a separate process with no lifecycle tracking.

- Add a status-bar widget (CardDatabaseUpdateStatusBar) that appears
  while an update runs and shows the Downloading/Parsing/Importing
  stages with percent progress; it is also used in the quit-confirm
  prompt so users see an unfinished update before cancelling it.
- Parse the updater's PROGRESS lines (new CardUpdateProgressParser,
  unit-tested) in both foreground and background runs and log stage
  changes to the new card_database.update category, throttled to at
  most one line per second; forward Oracle stderr to the logs.
- Show a tray balloon when a background update starts and on finish or
  failure instead of staying silent.
- Request a running Oracle instance to raise itself (QLocalServer
  CockatriceOracleRaise-<user>) when the user starts another update, and
  demote the 'already running' guard to an informative message only when
  no running instance can be found.
- Emit download/scan/import progress unconditionally from Oracle so
  interactive and background runs behave the same.
- Document the new log category in the troubleshooting guide.

* [Client] Address card database update review feedback

* [Client] Add setting to control card database update tray notifications

* [Client] Address remaining card database update review nits

- Rename card_update_progress_parser.{h,cpp} to card_update_progress.{h,cpp}
- Store the CardUpdateProgress struct in the status bar widget

* Lint.

---------

Co-authored-by: Lukas Brübach <Bruebach.Lukas@bdosecurity.de>

doc/doxygen/extra-pages/user_documentation/troubleshooting/enabling_debug_logs.md

@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ suffix, e.g. `card_picture_loader.*`, to include all sub categories).
 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
 | Card picture loading (URLs, local file hits/misses, downloads, redirects) | `card_picture_loader.*`                                                                                            |
 | Card database loading and parsing                                         | `card_database`, `card_database.loading`, `card_database.loading.success_or_failure`, `cockatrice_xml.*`           |
+| Card database update (running Oracle, progress, exit status, errors)      | `card_database.update`                                                                                             |
 | Card, set, and deck information                                           | `card_info`, `card_list`, `deck_loader`                                                                            |
 | Startup sequence and update checks                                        | `window_main.startup.*`, `release_channel`, `spoiler_background_updater`                                           |
 | User interface and themes                                                 | `theme_manager`, `sound_engine`, `flow_layout`, `flow_widget.*`, `pixel_map_generator`, `card_info_picture_widget` |
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@ For example, to investigate why a card database update seems to fail, enable the
 card_database = true
 card_database.loading = true
 card_database.loading.success_or_failure = true
+card_database.update = true
 cockatrice_xml.* = true
 ```