From 61035f8ae0f13bbaff6504c79bbbc835be033789 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Lukas=20Br=C3=BCbach?= Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2026 04:50:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] [PictureLoader] Serve cached pictures from the disk cache instead of re-fetching them With picture downloads enabled, requests were issued with AlwaysNetwork cache control, which per Qt never consults the disk cache. A picture that had already been downloaded was therefore fetched from the network again on every session start, with the queue bypass letting those re-fetches skip the rate limit entirely. Treat the network cache as the intent of the 'Network Cache' storage method suggests: if the URL is already cached, serve it with AlwaysCache (no network, no quota); only a genuine miss goes to the network, and only when downloads are enabled. Cache hits skip the queue for free since they never consume the per-second request allowance. --- .../card_picture_loader_worker.cpp | 15 +++++++++------ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp index d288236d2..34092f361 100644 --- a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp +++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp @@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ void CardPictureLoaderWorker::queueRequest(const QUrl &url, CardPictureLoaderWor SettingsCache::instance().cacheStorage().getCardPictureLoaderCacheMethod()) == CardPictureLoaderCacheMethod::CacheMethod::NETWORK_CACHE && cache->metaData(url).isValid()) { - // If we hit a cached url, we get to make the request for free, since it won't contribute towards the - // rate-limit + // A request that will be served from the disk cache never touches the network and therefore + // doesn't use up any of the rate limit, so it gets to skip the queue. makeRequest(url, worker); return; } @@ -107,10 +107,13 @@ QNetworkReply *CardPictureLoaderWorker::makeRequest(const QUrl &url, CardPicture req.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::UserAgentHeader, QString("Cockatrice %1").arg(VERSION_STRING)); req.setRawHeader("Accept", "image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,image/,/*;q=0.8"); - bool useNetworkCache = - !picDownload && static_cast( - SettingsCache::instance().cacheStorage().getCardPictureLoaderCacheMethod()) == - CardPictureLoaderCacheMethod::CacheMethod::NETWORK_CACHE; + // Cached entries are served straight from the disk cache even when picture downloads are + // enabled: re-fetching an already-cached image would burn the rate limit for nothing. Only a + // genuine cache miss goes to the network, and only when downloads are enabled. + bool useNetworkCache = static_cast( + SettingsCache::instance().cacheStorage().getCardPictureLoaderCacheMethod()) == + CardPictureLoaderCacheMethod::CacheMethod::NETWORK_CACHE && + (cache->metaData(url).isValid() || !picDownload); req.setAttribute(QNetworkRequest::CacheLoadControlAttribute, useNetworkCache ? QNetworkRequest::AlwaysCache : QNetworkRequest::AlwaysNetwork); From 64b3b7e0b470911f4450b7e8baa2b87be5a0f8db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Lukas=20Br=C3=BCbach?= Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2026 04:51:07 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] [PictureLoader] Pace requests and run the throttle timers on the worker thread Previously the whole backed-up queue was drained in a burst as soon as a request was enqueued, sending up to 10 requests back-to-back and then immediately re-filling the quota one second later. That hard-bursts a rate-limited API like Scryfall's (10 requests/second) into a 30 second lockout. Introduce a pacing timer that dispatches a single queue entry every 100 ms, so the per-second allowance is used smoothly instead of in spikes, and keep the quota timer at 1 second. Also fix both timers' thread affinity: they are QTimer value members and so are not QObject children, meaning moveToThread() on the worker left them on the main thread while the slot code started them from the picture thread, which was a no-op that also warned. They are moved to the worker thread explicitly and started lazily from there. --- .../card_picture_loader_worker.cpp | 40 ++++++++++++++++--- .../card_picture_loader_worker.h | 4 ++ 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp index 34092f361..4a2caaab4 100644 --- a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp +++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp @@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ #include static constexpr int MAX_REQUESTS_PER_SEC = 10; -static constexpr int MIN_HOST_QUOTA = 1; ///< Floor for the per-host request allowance -static constexpr qint64 QUOTA_RECOVER_MS = 60000; ///< Idle time before a reduced quota starts recovering +static constexpr int MIN_HOST_QUOTA = 1; ///< Floor for the per-host request allowance +static constexpr qint64 QUOTA_RECOVER_MS = 60000; ///< Idle time before a reduced quota starts recovering +static constexpr int DISPATCH_INTERVAL_MS = 100; ///< Pacing between individual network requests +static constexpr qint64 QUOTA_RESET_INTERVAL_MS = 1000; ///< Interval at which the request quota resets CardPictureLoaderWorker::CardPictureLoaderWorker() : QObject(nullptr), picDownload(SettingsCache::instance().downloads().getPicDownload()), @@ -60,11 +62,18 @@ CardPictureLoaderWorker::CardPictureLoaderWorker() pictureLoaderThread->start(QThread::LowPriority); moveToThread(pictureLoaderThread); + // QTimer value members are not QObject children, so moveToThread on the worker doesn't move + // them. They must live in the worker's thread to be started from the slot code that runs there. + requestTimer.moveToThread(pictureLoaderThread); + dispatchTimer.moveToThread(pictureLoaderThread); + connect(this, &CardPictureLoaderWorker::imageLoadEnqueued, this, &CardPictureLoaderWorker::handleImageLoadEnqueued); connect(&requestTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &CardPictureLoaderWorker::resetRequestQuota); - requestTimer.setInterval(1000); - requestTimer.start(); + requestTimer.setInterval(static_cast(QUOTA_RESET_INTERVAL_MS)); + + connect(&dispatchTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &CardPictureLoaderWorker::dispatchQueuedRequest); + dispatchTimer.setInterval(DISPATCH_INTERVAL_MS); } CardPictureLoaderWorker::~CardPictureLoaderWorker() @@ -147,8 +156,29 @@ void CardPictureLoaderWorker::resetRequestQuota() void CardPictureLoaderWorker::processQueuedRequests() { - while (requestQuota > 0 && processSingleRequest()) { + if (requestLoadQueue.isEmpty()) { + dispatchTimer.stop(); + return; + } + // Start lazily from the worker's own thread: QTimer must be started in the thread it lives in. + if (!requestTimer.isActive()) { + requestTimer.start(); + } + dispatchTimer.start(); +} + +void CardPictureLoaderWorker::dispatchQueuedRequest() +{ + if (requestLoadQueue.isEmpty() || requestQuota <= 0) { + dispatchTimer.stop(); + return; + } + + if (processSingleRequest()) { --requestQuota; + } else { + // No queued host currently has allowance left in this second; wait for the quota reset. + dispatchTimer.stop(); } } diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.h b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.h index d1c519b7a..9f7fd9437 100644 --- a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.h +++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.h @@ -89,6 +89,9 @@ public slots: /** @brief Processes all queued requests respecting the request quota. */ void processQueuedRequests(); + /** @brief Chooses a request from the queue and starts it, respecting the quota and pacing. */ + void dispatchQueuedRequest(); + /** * @brief Processes a single queued request. * @return true if a request was processed, false if queue is empty. @@ -120,6 +123,7 @@ private: int requestQuota; ///< Remaining requests allowed per second QTimer requestTimer; ///< Timer to reset the request quota + QTimer dispatchTimer; ///< Timer pacing individual network requests QHash hostRequestQuota; ///< Sustained per-host request allowance QHash hostQuotaRemaining; ///< Per-host allowance left in the current second QHash hostLast429; ///< When each host was last rate limited From 5a6db206cebd00447dc9c5b8b60a19e4b1d75b68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Lukas=20Br=C3=BCbach?= Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2026 04:52:25 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] [PictureLoader] Seed per-host allowances on demand and skip hosts in 429 backoff The quota reset re-filled every host's remaining allowance to a full MAX_REQUESTS_PER_SEC as soon as the queue had a request for it. A server that was just rate limited could therefore be hammered again at full speed immediately after (or even during) recovery. Only seed a host's allowance the first time it is dispatched in the current second, seeded from its reduced sustained quota, and skip hosts still inside their 429 backoff window entirely. This makes the pacing commit's burst-free behavior hold per host too, instead of just smoothing the global aggregate. --- .../card_picture_loader_worker.cpp | 22 +++++++++++++------ .../card_picture_loader_worker_work.cpp | 5 +++++ .../card_picture_loader_worker_work.h | 3 +++ 3 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp index 4a2caaab4..3add23bfb 100644 --- a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp +++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker.cpp @@ -138,6 +138,9 @@ QNetworkReply *CardPictureLoaderWorker::makeRequest(const QUrl &url, CardPicture void CardPictureLoaderWorker::resetRequestQuota() { requestQuota = MAX_REQUESTS_PER_SEC; + // Allowances are seeded per host on demand in processSingleRequest(), so a + // rate-limited host never gets a fresh full quota mid-second. + hostQuotaRemaining.clear(); QDateTime now = QDateTime::currentDateTime(); for (auto it = hostRequestQuota.begin(); it != hostRequestQuota.end(); ++it) { @@ -146,11 +149,6 @@ void CardPictureLoaderWorker::resetRequestQuota() } } - for (const auto &request : requestLoadQueue) { - const QString host = request.first.host(); - hostQuotaRemaining.insert(host, hostRequestQuota.value(host, MAX_REQUESTS_PER_SEC)); - } - processQueuedRequests(); } @@ -184,10 +182,20 @@ void CardPictureLoaderWorker::dispatchQueuedRequest() bool CardPictureLoaderWorker::processSingleRequest() { + QDateTime now = QDateTime::currentDateTime(); for (int i = 0; i < requestLoadQueue.size(); ++i) { const auto &request = requestLoadQueue.at(i); - QString host = request.first.host(); - int allowance = hostQuotaRemaining.value(host, MAX_REQUESTS_PER_SEC); + const QString host = request.first.host(); + // Don't dispatch requests to a host that is currently in its 429 backoff. + if (CardPictureLoaderWorkerWork::rateLimiter().isRateLimited(host, now)) { + continue; + } + // Seed the allowance only now, so a host that was rate limited last second + // doesn't get a fresh full quota the moment it is queried mid-second. + if (!hostQuotaRemaining.contains(host)) { + hostQuotaRemaining.insert(host, hostRequestQuota.value(host, MAX_REQUESTS_PER_SEC)); + } + int allowance = hostQuotaRemaining.value(host); if (allowance > 0) { hostQuotaRemaining.insert(host, allowance - 1); makeRequest(request.first, request.second); diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker_work.cpp b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker_work.cpp index 66c56337c..072a919d7 100644 --- a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker_work.cpp +++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker_work.cpp @@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ static const QStringList MD5_BLACKLIST = { "fbc7d763c08771c260b39e2115414eeb" // Current card back hash }; +ServerRateLimiter &CardPictureLoaderWorkerWork::rateLimiter() +{ + return s_rateLimiter; +} + CardPictureLoaderWorkerWork::CardPictureLoaderWorkerWork(const CardPictureLoaderWorker *worker, const ExactCard &toLoad) : QObject(nullptr), cardToDownload(CardPictureToLoad(toLoad)), picDownload(SettingsCache::instance().downloads().getPicDownload()) diff --git a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker_work.h b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker_work.h index 1e56a4373..8490cb3ac 100644 --- a/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker_work.h +++ b/cockatrice/src/interface/card_picture_loader/card_picture_loader_worker_work.h @@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ public: CardPictureToLoad cardToDownload; ///< The card and associated URLs to try downloading + /** @brief Shared per-server 429 backoff state. */ + static ServerRateLimiter &rateLimiter(); + public slots: /** * @brief Handles a finished network reply for the card image.